Forests are expected to face increased incidence of fire, dieback, pests and pathogens, invasive species, and landslides. Climate changes will also affect tree physiology and phenology, forest growth, and biodiversity, with knock-on impacts on forest-dependent people and wider society. The severity of these impacts will vary among subregions and ecosystems. The climate crisis has, and will continue to stoke political extremism, xenophobia, and ethnic nationalism. It will shake the foundations of societies all over the world and push institutions to their breaking point. It will be a catastrophe - for both the refugees and nations that it will overwhelm.